EU Immigration and Asylum Law

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The Astrolabe

An ancient instrument for solving problems of location and distance, as well as time

Astrolábon órganon is the word used in Ptolemaeus Syntaxis 5.1 to describe a form of armillary sphere consisting of both fixed and rotating rings for determining the ecliptic co-ordinates of stars. Also called astrolabe were two-dimensional representations of the celestial sphere: over fixed disks with a representation of the horizon of the earth (in each case for a specific geographic latitude) and its parallels up to the zenith lies a rotating representation of the heavens (called ‘spider’ or ‘net’) with zodiac and indicators for some of the brightest stars. On the back is an indicator (‘alidade’) with visor plates for calculating the height of the stars. The astrolabe allows its user to determine the hours of day and night, the positions of stars, and the height and depth of objects on earth (mountains, buildings, wells). The oldest extant descriptions of the flat, planispheric astrolabe come from Iohannes Philoponus, 6th century AD, and (in Syrian) from Severus Sebokht, c. 660 AD. Indirect references may date back as early as Theon (4th cent.). Between the 8th and the 9th centuries the Arabs appropriated the knowledge of the astrolabe. At the end of the 10th century and again in the 12th century, they passed it on to Western Europe, where astrolabes were constructed up until the 17th cent. Today, one Byzantine astrolabe (from 1062) is extant, as are some 750 Arabic-Islamic astrolabes and approximately the same number of European astrolabes.

This information is abstracted from Brill's New Pauly, the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. For more information see www.brillsnewpauly.com or visit our website catalog: www.brill.nl/bnp
Brill’s New Pauly and the complete original Der Neue Pauly, the recognized standard reference works for students and scholars of the ancient world are also available online. This dual-language edition offers basic and advanced search facilities and is fully browsable. New English translations are added as they become available. See www.paulyonline.brill.nl for more information and a demo version.

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Publications & Services> Advanced Search> EU Immigration and Asylum Law

EU Immigration and Asylum Law

Text and Commentary

Edited by Steve Peers and Nicola Rogers

Reference Works

Available
Publication year: 2006


Series:	Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe, 12
ISBN-13 (i)The ISBN (International Standard Book Number) has been changed from 10 to 13 digits on 1 January 2007:	978 90 04 15374 5
ISBN-10:	90 04 15374 8

Cover:	Hardback
Number of pages:	xx, 1028 pp.
Google Book Search:	View this book at Google Book Search
E-Book:	Buy this Book as an E-Book

List price:	€ 257.00 / US$ 348.00

Table of contents

Section I Framework of EC Immigration and Asylum Law:
Chapter 1 Overview;
Chapter 2 From Black Market to Constitution: The Development of the Institutional Framework for EC Immigration and Asylum law Steve Peers; Chapter 3 The EU Institutions and Title IV Steve Peers;
Chapter 4 Out of the Ghetto? The Personal Scope of EU Law Elspeth Guild and Steve Peers;
Chapter 5 Human Rights in the EU Legal Order: Practical Relevance for EC Immigration and Asylum Law Steve Peers;
Chapter 6 Enlargement of the EU and Title IV Judit Tóth;
Section II Visas and Border Controls:
Chapter 7 Border Controls;
Chapter 8 Visa List;
Chapter 9 Visa Policy;
Section III Asylum:
Chapter 10 Responsibility for Applications for Asylum;
Chapter 11 Eurodac;
Chapter 12 Minimum Standards for Reception;
Chapter 13 Refugee Definition and Subsidiary Protection;
Chapter 14 Asylum Procedures;
Chapter 15 Temporary Protection;
Chapter 16 Massive Refugee Flows and Europe’s Temporary Protection Geza Tessenyi;
Chapter 17 Challenges to Forging a Common European Asylum System in Line with International Obligations Frances Nicholson;
Chapter 18 Gender and EU Asylum Law Nathalia Pendo Berkowitz;
Section IV Legal Migration and Integration:
Chapter 19 Family Reunion;
Chapter 20 Long-term Residents;
Chapter 21 Migration for Employment and Self-employment;
Chapter 22 Admission of Students and Others;
Chapter 23 Social Security;
Chapter 24 The Socio-Economic Agenda of EC Immigration and Asylum Policy;
Section V Irregular Migration:
Chapter 25 Mutual Recognition of Expulsion Decisions;
Chapter 26 Carrier Sanctions;
Chapter 27 Trafficking in Human Beings;
Chapter 28 Facilitation of Irregular Entry, Residence and Movement;
Chapter 29 Victims of Trafficking or Smuggling; Chapter 30 Transit for Expulsion;
Chapter 31 EC Readmission Agreements; Chapter 32 Control of Irregular Migration and EU Law and Policy: A Human Rights Deficit Ryszard Cholewinski;
Annexes:
Annex I Proposed and Adopted Title IV measures (as of 1 Jan. 2006);
Annex 2 EC Treaty provisions on immigration and asylum;
Annex 3 December 1998, Vienna European Council;
Annex 4 Excerpt from conclusions, Tampere European Council;
Annex 5 Excerpts from Conclusions, Laeken, Seville and Thessaloniki European Councils; Annex 6 Excerpts: The Hague Programme;
Annex 7 EU Constitutional Treaty (excerpt); Index.

Since entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam on 1 May 1999, the EU has considered, and in many cases adopted, many proposals for legislation or measures implementing legislation in the area of immigration and asylum law. These measures run the gamut from highly technical operational matters to broad measures covering basic aspects of immigration and asylum law. Between them, the proposed or adopted measures cover virtually every possible issue in relation to immigration or asylum.
This book contains the text of and commentary upon a large number of these measures proposed or adopted up until 1 January 2006, including all of the most important ones. It also includes the text of the key measures concerning asylum, legal migration and irregular migration. A full list of the measures with references to their legislative history is provided. The authors of each commentary are experts in the field of EU immigration and asylum law, and the areas covered include visa and border controls, asylum, legal migration and integration, and irregular migration.

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