Freedom of Seas, Passage Rights and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention

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The Astrolabe

An ancient instrument for solving problems of location and distance, as well as time

Astrolábon órganon is the word used in Ptolemaeus Syntaxis 5.1 to describe a form of armillary sphere consisting of both fixed and rotating rings for determining the ecliptic co-ordinates of stars. Also called astrolabe were two-dimensional representations of the celestial sphere: over fixed disks with a representation of the horizon of the earth (in each case for a specific geographic latitude) and its parallels up to the zenith lies a rotating representation of the heavens (called ‘spider’ or ‘net’) with zodiac and indicators for some of the brightest stars. On the back is an indicator (‘alidade’) with visor plates for calculating the height of the stars. The astrolabe allows its user to determine the hours of day and night, the positions of stars, and the height and depth of objects on earth (mountains, buildings, wells). The oldest extant descriptions of the flat, planispheric astrolabe come from Iohannes Philoponus, 6th century AD, and (in Syrian) from Severus Sebokht, c. 660 AD. Indirect references may date back as early as Theon (4th cent.). Between the 8th and the 9th centuries the Arabs appropriated the knowledge of the astrolabe. At the end of the 10th century and again in the 12th century, they passed it on to Western Europe, where astrolabes were constructed up until the 17th cent. Today, one Byzantine astrolabe (from 1062) is extant, as are some 750 Arabic-Islamic astrolabes and approximately the same number of European astrolabes.

This information is abstracted from Brill's New Pauly, the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. For more information see www.brillsnewpauly.com or visit our website catalog: www.brill.nl/bnp
Brill’s New Pauly and the complete original Der Neue Pauly, the recognized standard reference works for students and scholars of the ancient world are also available online. This dual-language edition offers basic and advanced search facilities and is fully browsable. New English translations are added as they become available. See www.paulyonline.brill.nl for more information and a demo version.

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Publications & Services> Books> Book Series> Freedom of Seas, Passage Rights and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention

Freedom of Seas, Passage Rights and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention

Myron H. Nordquist, Tommy T.B. Koh, and John Norton Moore.

Books

Available
Publication year: 2009


Series:	Center for Oceans Law and Policy, 13
ISBN-13 (i)The ISBN (International Standard Book Number) has been changed from 10 to 13 digits on 1 January 2007:	978 90 04 17359 0
ISBN-10:	90 04 17359 5

Cover:	Hardback
Number of pages:	xxii, 626 pp.

List price:	€ 155.00 / US$ 248.00

Table of contents

PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
WELCOMING REMARKS
Dean Barry Desker; Professor John Norton Moore; H.E. Patricia L. Herbold
KEYNOTE ADDRESSES
Navigational Freedom and Other Contemporary Oceans Issues, S. Jayakumar
The South China Sea: the Long Road Towards Peace and Cooperation, Hasjim Djalal
1. BACKGROUND ON THE FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION
John Norton Moore, Moderator
Remarks on the Legal Status of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Tommy T. B. Koh
An Introduction to the Regime of Passage Through Straits Used for International Navigation and Through Archipelagic Waters, Satya N. Nandan
Remarks on the Concept of “Freedom of Navigation”, Hasjim Djalal
Freedom of Navigation and Navies [Abstract & PowerPoint only] Nora Tyson
Freedom of Navigation: New Challenges, Rüdiger Wolfrum
Comments and Q & A.
2. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS IN THE EEZ
Barbara Moore, Moderator
Hydrographic Surveying and Marine Scientific Research in Exclusive Economic Zones, Sam Bateman
Regulating Marine Biodiscovery in Sea Areas Under Coastal State Jurisdiction, Ronán Long
Marine Data Collection: Methods and the Law, J. Ashley Roach
Marine Scientific Research and Hydrographic Survey in the EEZs: Closing Up the Legal Loopholes? Guifang “Julia” Xue
Comments and Q & A.
3. MILITARY ACTIVITIES IN THE EEZ
Myron H. Nordquist, Moderator
Military Activities in and over the Exclusive Economic Zone Raul “Pete” Pedrozo
Military Activity in the EEZ: Exclusive or Excluded Right? Alexander S. Skaridov
China and the Law of the Sea, Zhiguo Ga
Comments and Q & A.
4. TRANSIT PASSAGE THROUGH STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION
Mary Seet-Cheng, Moderator
PSSAs and the Jurisdiction of Coastal States over Ship-Source Pollution in the EEZ and in Straits used for International Navigation, Robert Beckman
Compulsory Pilotage in the Torres Strait, Patrick J. Neher
Transit Passage and Users’ Contributions to the Safety of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, Hiroshi Terashima
Comments and Q & A.
5. ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES PASSAGE
Sir Michael Wood, Moderator
Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage Designation: The Indonesian Experience, Arif Havas Oegroseno
Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage and the Philippines Situation, Alberto A. Encomienda
Navigation Through Archipelagos: Current State Practice, Martin Tsamenyi, Clive Schofield, & Ben Milligan
Comments and Q & A.
6. VESSEL SOURCE POLLUTION AND PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Chao Hick Tin, Moderator
Vessel Source Pollution and Protection of the Marine Environment, Capt. Charles D. Michel;
Vessel Source Pollution and Protection of the Marine Environment in the Taiwan Strait, Kuen-Chen Fu
IMO, ICS and Environmental Compliance, Peter Hinchliffe
Comments and Q & A.
7. NON-FLAG STATE ENFORCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Gudmundur Eiriksson, Moderator
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas and the Law of the Sea, James Kraska
Protecting the Marine Environment: Non-Flag State Enforcement and IUU Fishing, Rosemary Rayfuse
Comments and Q & A.
EDITORS’ SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT
Navies and Maritime Security: A Republic of Singapore Navy Perspective, Submitted by Dexter ChiaCombating Piracy and Armed Robbery in Asia: Boosting ReCAAP’s Role, Joshua Ho.
CD TABLE OF CONTENTS
The CD features the color Microsoft PowerPoint presentations given at the conference, biographies of the moderators and panelists, and a limited selection of relevant law of the sea documents and reports.

Freedom of the seas and passage rights is a highly topical subject for the international community that cuts across a broad spectrum of scholarly disciplines and maritime operations. The contents of the book include in-depth analysis of current international and regional approaches to freedom of navigation, transit passage through straits used for international navigation, archipelagic sea lanes passage, scientific research and hydrographic surveys in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), military surveys in the EEZ, as well as vessel source pollution and protection of the marine environment. Many of the chapters describe measures in place at multilateral and regional levels to improve information sharing and operational coordination. This collection will especially appeal to those concerned with freedom of the seas and passage rights. The CD accompanying the volume includes important documents such as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea as well many PowerPoint presentations delivered at the conference. It also includes a draft index to the multi-volume series United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary.
This book contains the edited papers and associated documents from the 32nd annual Virginia conference held in Singapore, January 9-10, 2008. Presentations were delivered by government officials, senior naval and coast guard commanders as well as by leading jurists and academics with impressive expertise in the law of the sea.

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