Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures

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The Astrolabe

An ancient instrument for solving problems of location and distance, as well as time

Astrolábon órganon is the word used in Ptolemaeus Syntaxis 5.1 to describe a form of armillary sphere consisting of both fixed and rotating rings for determining the ecliptic co-ordinates of stars. Also called astrolabe were two-dimensional representations of the celestial sphere: over fixed disks with a representation of the horizon of the earth (in each case for a specific geographic latitude) and its parallels up to the zenith lies a rotating representation of the heavens (called ‘spider’ or ‘net’) with zodiac and indicators for some of the brightest stars. On the back is an indicator (‘alidade’) with visor plates for calculating the height of the stars. The astrolabe allows its user to determine the hours of day and night, the positions of stars, and the height and depth of objects on earth (mountains, buildings, wells). The oldest extant descriptions of the flat, planispheric astrolabe come from Iohannes Philoponus, 6th century AD, and (in Syrian) from Severus Sebokht, c. 660 AD. Indirect references may date back as early as Theon (4th cent.). Between the 8th and the 9th centuries the Arabs appropriated the knowledge of the astrolabe. At the end of the 10th century and again in the 12th century, they passed it on to Western Europe, where astrolabes were constructed up until the 17th cent. Today, one Byzantine astrolabe (from 1062) is extant, as are some 750 Arabic-Islamic astrolabes and approximately the same number of European astrolabes.

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Publications & Services> Books> Book Series> Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures

Editor-in-Chief: Zhufeng Yue, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, PR China

Journals


ISSN:	1573-6105
E-ISSN:	1573-6113

Current:	Volume 5 (2009)
Number of Issues:	4
List price Institutions:	€ 298.00 / US$ 438.00
List price institutions online only:	€ 268.00 / US$ 394.00

Editorial Board

Co-Editors-in-Chief: Heng Xiao Institute of Mechanics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany XiaoPing Zhang School of Engineering, University of Warwick, UK Editorial Board: Yingbin Bao Cambridge, MA, USA Changqing Chen Xi'an, PR China Jin-Ho Choy Seoul, Korea Zichen Deng Xi'an, PR China Earl H. Dowell Durham, NC, USA Gunther Eggeler Bochum, Germany Xiqiao Feng Beijing, PR China Wanlin Gao Nanjing, PR China Pengfei He Shanghai, PR China David Hui New Orleans, LA , USA Norman Jones Liverpool, UK Vladimir N. Kukudzhanov Moscow, Russia Magnus Langseth Trondheim, Norway He Linghui Anhui, PR China Yiu-Wing Mai Sydney, Australia Gerard A. Maugin Paris, France Yoshihiro Narita Sapporo, Japan Ryszard Pohorecki Warsaw, Poland Zhiping Qiu Beijing, PR China Ashok Saxena Fayetteville, AR, USA Karl Schulte Hamburg, Germany Anand V. Singh London, Ont. Canada W.J. Stronge Cambridge, UK Shinji Tanimura Gamagori-city, Japan Gustaaf Van Tendeloo Antwerpen, Belgium Ben Wang Tallahassee, FL, USA Jian Wang Belfast, IR Yueguang Wei Beijing, PR China Tomasz Wierzbicki Cambridge, MA, USA Tongxi Yu Hong Kong Hongwu Zhang Dalian, PR China Kevin Zhao Beijing, PR China Min Zou Fayetteville AR, USA

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Back Volumes

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, Volume 3 (2007)

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, Volume 4 (2008)

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Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures is an international journal which aims to publish original and creative research contributions relating to multidiscipline modeling, design, optimization in materials and structures. It covers contributions from not only the classical subdivisions, but also from recently developing areas and interdisciplinary subjects. Meanwhile it provides a platform to researchers for the rapid exchange of ideas and techniques in multidiscipline interaction science and applications. Manuscripts in multidiscipline design, optimization and analysis in materials and structures, pertaining to fundamental theories and principles, analytical and symbolic approaches, computational techniques, experimental exploration, are encouraged. Topics of interest include but are not limited to: - Solid mechanics, general mechanics, fluid mechanics and thermal mechanics, as well as their interaction in materials and structures - Multidiscipline bases of material design and production as well as mechanic behavior - Multidiscipline structural design, optimization and analysis - Multiscale ( micro, meso and macro) study in materials and structures - Applications in engineering No limitations in number of pages for contributions are set, but only concisely written manuscripts are published. Brief papers are published as Rapid Communications. Discussions of papers previously published are welcome. This title is included in the HINARI programme. For back volumes or issues older than 2 years, please contact Periodicals Service Company, 11 Main Street, Germantown, NY 12526, USA psc@periodicals.com / www.periodicals.com/brill.html

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