Pre-Modern European Economy

Paolo Malanima graduated from the University of Pisa and Scuola Nornale Superiore. He has been Professor of Economic History at the University of Pisa, and of Economic History and Economics at the University Magna Graecia in Catanzaro. He published on Italian and European economic History. He is now Director of the Institute of Studies in Mediterranean Societies (ISSM-CNR).

All those interested in Economic History, History and Economics and especially students dealing with medieval, early Modern and Modern European economy and history in a global context.

I Population
1. World population
2. The European population
3. The demographic model
4. The death rate
5. The birth rate
6. The demographic transition
7. Conclusion


II Energy
1. Energy systems
2. Fuel
3. Animals
4. Water and wind power
5. Climate and the biomass
6. The energy transition
7. Conclusion


III Agriculture
1. Men and lands
2. Three agricultural ecosystems
3. Peasant economies
4. The village and the manor
5. Land productivity and labour productivity
6. Conclusion


IV Trade
1. Seas
2. Rivers, roads, fairs, markets
3. Innovations in exchange
4. Conclusion


V Industry
1. Types of industry
2. From South towards North
3. Industrial technology and organisation
4. Urbanisation
5. Conclusion


VI Output
1. Prices and agricultural incomes
2. Wages and productivity in industry
3. GDP
4. Conclusion


VII Demand
1. Consumption
2. Investment
3. Public expense
4. Conclusion


VIII Pre-modern economies
1. Past and present economies
2. A model of an agrarian economy
3. Distribution
4. A dualistic economy
5. The mature agrarian economy


Bibliography